Hydraulic and Pneumatic Structures Add a hydraulic/pneumatic ram to make your structures move and do work. Not only will students see the cranes and jacks in action, they can directly measure the pressure and volume to calculate how much work was done. The weight is lifted using a syringe of water to fill the master cylinder. An Absolute Pressure Sensor (PS-2107) measures the pressure and a Rotary Motion Sensor (PS-2120) records the movement of the piston. Pressure and volume are recorded as the weight is lifted, and the work done is the area under the curve. An Ideal Gas Law Syringe (TD-8596A), which has an internal thermistor, is used to pump air into the cylinder. A Pressure / Temperature Sensor (PS-2146) records the air pressure and temperature while the Rotary Motion Sensor (PS-2120) records the movement. Valves are used with the syringe to pump up this fork lift. The use of different size syringes shows how a smaller force requires a greater number of pumps to do the same amount of work as a larger force. This scissor lift uses pulleys to change the mechanical advantage.